{"id":17796,"date":"2022-12-08T20:01:54","date_gmt":"2022-12-08T18:01:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/?p=17796"},"modified":"2022-12-08T19:29:24","modified_gmt":"2022-12-08T17:29:24","slug":"key-regional-problems-of-the","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/key-regional-problems-of-the\/","title":{"rendered":"Abdulla N., Vasylieva N., Volovyk I. Key regional problems of the contract farming in the Republic of Maldives"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
JEL Classification<\/strong>: C14, J43, Q12, Q15
\n<\/span><\/td>\n		DOI<\/b>: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V35(2022)-01<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Nadhiya Abdulla, <\/strong>Ph.D. Student, Faculty of management and marketing, Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine<\/p>\n

ORCID ID:<\/strong> 0000-0003-2055-3350<\/a>
\ne-mail: <\/strong>nadhiya.abdulla@agronational.mv<\/a><\/p>\n

Natalia Vasylieva, <\/strong>Doctor in Economics, Professor of Department of Information Systems and Technology, Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine<\/p>\n

ORCID ID:<\/strong> 0000-0003-4100-0659<\/a>
\ne-mail: <\/strong>vasylieva.n.k@dsau.dp.ua<\/a><\/p>\n

Iryna Volovyk, <\/strong>Ph.D. in Economics, Associate Professor, Department of Management and Public Administration, Chief of International Affairs and Public Communication Office, Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine<\/p>\n

ORCID ID:<\/strong> 0000-0003-2160-2978<\/a>
\ne-mail: <\/strong>interdsau@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Key Regional Problems of the Contract Farming in the Republic of Maldives<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract. Introduction<\/strong>. An agricultural sector in the Republic of Maldives mostly consists of smallholder farming communities which are highly restricted by low productivity and unavailability of natural resources. The AgroNAT contract farming was implemented to address this challenge but so far does not provide the expected results across the agricultural regions<\/p>\n

Purpose.<\/strong> This research study looked into assessing and explaining the resemblances and differences observed in the analyzed agricultural regions 1, 2, and 3 regarding categories of gender disparity and farming population age, access to land resources, markets, and finance.<\/p>\n

Results.<\/strong>\u00a0Total of over 1200 farmers on 13 islands were interviewed to specify key influential factors of their farming activities. To check the study hypotheses, we utilized the Chi-square Test for Independence. It confirmed strong resemblances of regions 1 and 2 by gender disparity and farming population age in favor of male farm heads and farmers over 40 years old. In region 3 there are more females actively involved in the farming activities. The research findings also revealed that around 27% of the farming population in region 3 are the young aged below 40 who demonstrate essential interest in new agricultural technologies and are better educated in financial aspects. The research clarified that regions 1 and 2 are more affected by the indicators of `No arable land` and `Land tenure insecurity`. Whereas regions 2 and 3 appeared to be similar by the indicators of `Started farming` and `No arable land`. All the regions resemble by the access to finance and markets. However, the focus group discussion revealed that farmers in region 3 are more efficient in using financing opportunities provided by the government and private sectors.\u00a0 Whereas the logistic and transport options are more beneficial for regions 1 and 2 as their islands are closer to the capital city.<\/p>\n

Conclusions.<\/strong> The study identified the weak spots and advantages of each agricultural region and recommended ways on how to increase efficiency and effectiveness of their contract farming.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong> contract farming; land availability; farmers age and gender; access to finance and markets; econometric tests.<\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Abdulla, N., Vasylieva, N. & Volovyk, I. (2022). Production Optimization for Sustainable Agriculture and Efficient Contract Farming in the Republic of Maldives. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science<\/em>, 28 (4), 579\u2013590 [in English].<\/li>\n
  2. Agro National Corporation. (2020). Contract Farming Report. Retrieved from https:\/\/agronational.mv\/ en\/resources\/reports?year=2021 [in English].<\/li>\n
  3. Anh, N. H., Bokelmann, W., Thi Thuan, N., Nga, D. T. & Minh, N. V. (2019). Smallholders\u2019 Preferences for Different Contract Farming Models: Empirical Evidence from Sustainable Certified Coffee Production in Vietnam. Journal of Sustainability<\/em>, 11(14), 3799. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su11143799 [in English]<\/li>\n
  4. Asian Development Bank Technical Assistance Report. (2016). Maldives: Kulhudhufushi Harbor Expansion. PADECO Co., Ltd. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.adb.org\/sites\/default\/files\/project-document\/190083\/36111-013-rrp.pdf [in English].<\/li>\n
  5. Behera, D. K. S. (2021). Cooperative-Led Contract Farming on Farm Productivity in India. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 21(1), 49-58. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.usc.es\/economet\/reviews\/aeid2114.pdf [in English].<\/li>\n
  6. Bellemare, M. F. (2013). Contract Farming in Asia. Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota. Background Paper. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.adb.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ institutional-document\/731791\/adou2021bp-contract-farming-asia.pdf [in English].<\/li>\n
  7. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2019). Country Gender Assessment of Agriculture and the Rural Sector in Maldives, Mal\u00e9. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.aesanetwork.org\/country-gender-assessment-of-agriculture-and-the-rural-sector-in-maldives [in English].<\/li>\n
  8. Gasith, M. (2018). Archeological analysis of Maldivian agricultural system to improve nutrient management. Swedish Uni Maters Program Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved from https:\/\/stud.epsilon.slu.se\/13784\/ [in English].<\/li>\n
  9. Meemken, E. M. & Bellemare, M. F. (2019). Smallholder farmers and contract farming in developing countries, University of Michigan. Journal of Agricultural Science<\/em>, 117(1),\u00a0259-264. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1909501116 [in English].<\/li>\n
  10. Mercy, M., Beatrice, J. O., Mshenga, P. S. & Mwanarusi, S. (2014). Does contract farming improve smallholder farmers\u2019 income? The case of avocado farming in Kenya. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies<\/em>, 6(1). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JADEE-05-2013-0019\/full\/html [in English].<\/li>\n
  11. Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water. (2006). National Adaptation Program of Action. Retrieved from http:\/\/displacementsolutions.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Maldives-NAPA1.pdf [in English].<\/li>\n
  12. Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Agriculture of the Republic of Maldives. (2019). National and Fishers and Agricultural Policy 2019-2029. Retrieved from http:\/\/extwprlegs1.fao.org\/docs\/pdf\/mdv205058.pdf [in English].<\/li>\n
  13. Riddihough, I. P. (2019). Maldivians, you can shape your development story! World Bank Blogs, November 22, 2019. Retrieved from https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/endpovertyinsouthasia\/ maldivians-you-can-shape-your-development-story [in English].<\/li>\n
  14. SOFA Team & Doss, C. (2011). The role of women in agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/am307e\/am307e00.pdf [in English].<\/li>\n
  15. Ton, G., Desire, S., Vellema, W., Weituschat, S. & D\u2019Haese, M. (2017). The effectiveness of contract farming for raising income of smallholder farmers in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews<\/em>, 13(1) 1-131. Retrieved from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4073\/csr.2017.13 [in English].<\/li>\n
  16. Yegbemey, R. N., Adimi, E. B. O., Assogba, J. D. & Djebbari, H. (2021). Contract Farming Can Bridge Knowledge and Productivity Gender Gaps: Evidence from an Experimental Study in Benin. Partnership for Economic Policy. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/contract-farming-can-bridge-knowledge-and-productivity-gender-gaps-evidence-experimental-study-benin\/ [in English].<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Received:<\/strong> 10 October 2022<\/p>\n

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    Abdulla N., Vasylieva N., Volovyk I. (2022). Key regional problems of the contract farming in the Republic of Maldives. Modern Economics, 35(2022), 06-12. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V35(2022)-01.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
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    [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] JEL Classification: C14, J43, Q12, Q15 DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V35(2022)-01 [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Nadhiya Abdulla, Ph.D. Student, Faculty of management and marketing, Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine ORCID ID: 0000-0003-2055-3350 e-mail: nadhiya.abdulla@agronational.mv Natalia Vasylieva, Doctor in Economics, Professor of Department of Information Systems and Technology, Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4100-0659
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