{"id":17844,"date":"2022-12-08T20:15:30","date_gmt":"2022-12-08T18:15:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/?p=17844"},"modified":"2022-12-08T20:14:59","modified_gmt":"2022-12-08T18:14:59","slug":"gender-paradoxes-problems-of-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/gender-paradoxes-problems-of-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Makarova O. Gender paradoxes: problems of research in the field of work"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
JEL Classification<\/strong>: D63, J16, J22
\n<\/span><\/td>\n		DOI<\/b>: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V35(2022)-15<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Makarova Olena, <\/strong>Doctor of Economic Sciences, Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine<\/p>\n

ORCID ID:<\/strong> 0000-0001-8463-0314<\/a>
\ne-mail: <\/strong>Makarova_h@ukr.net<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Gender Paradoxes: Problems of Research in the Field of Work<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract. Introduction<\/strong>. Employment is one of the most significant characteristics of the quality of life. To a large extent, it will determine the status of a person, his income and life opportunities. The difference in the characteristics of employment may indicate social inequality, including gender. The existing ways of assessing gender equality have certain problems. They do not fully take into account all aspects of employment. In addition, in the modern world there are significant changes in the forms and nature of employment of the population: the spread of non-standard forms, informal employment and part-time employment. In this regard, there are objective reasons for the search for new approaches and methods for such an assessment.<\/p>\n

Purpose. <\/strong>The article is devoted to the issue of improving the methodological foundations of gender studies in the sphere of labor.<\/p>\n

Based on the generalization and analysis of information from gender studies in this area, international reports on the state of gender equality, statistical data on labor and employment in Ukraine, the article identifies problems in assessing the state of gender equality. The prerequisites that determine the particular relevance of this topic, in particular, regarding recent changes in the nature and working conditions, are also characterized. Examples of a paradoxical assessment of the state of gender equality are given. The example of Switzerland shows that high rates of women’s participation in the labor market do not always mean equal employment conditions. On the basis of their assessment of expert information and statistical data, a conclusion was drawn about the need to take into account certain aspects of gender inequality, namely, part-time employment and unpaid domestic work. The article proposes approaches to the calculation of the integral index of gender equality in the world of work, taking into account these aspects, gives recommendations on its practical use and the possibility of further research. Particular attention is paid to the need to use such a source of information as a time survey. Because no other survey makes a distinction between leisure and domestic unpaid work.<\/p>\n

Results.<\/strong> Based on the identified problems and features of inconsistencies in gender measurements, the need to improve the methodology for assessing gender equality in the field of employment is substantiated. The calculation of the coefficient of recalculation of the indicator “level of employment” in the equivalent of full working time is proposed.<\/p>\n

Conclusions.<\/strong> The resulting approaches can be used to calculate a sub-index of employment equality, which can be a component of the overall gender equality index. To carry out such calculations, it is necessary to ensure the receipt of the necessary data, that is, the conduct of surveys of time use. The data obtained in this way will make it possible to more objectively assess the situation both within the country and more correctly make comparisons at the international level.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong> gender; employment; equality; integral index; Labor Force Survey; households; unpaid work.<\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Global Gender Gap Report (2022). Retrieved from : https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/reports\/global-gender-gap-report-2022\/ [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n
  2. Gender equality in the world of work. Towards a transformative and measurable agenda for more equal societies (2020) Retrieved from : https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/—dgreports\/—gender\/documents\/ publication\/wcms_751914.pdf [in English].<\/li>\n
  3. Onishhyk, J., Semigina, T., & Pozhydaieva, O. (2020). Overcoming gender inequality in Ukraine: political, legal, social and educational dimensions. Scientific bulletin of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky<\/em>, 4 (133), 109\u2013116. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24195\/2617-6688-2020-4-14 [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n
  4. Andorka, R. (1987). Time Budgets and Their Uses. Annual Review of Sociology<\/em>, 13, 149-164 [in English].<\/li>\n
  5. Stewart, J. (2018). Getting Started with Time-Use Data. Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research<\/em>, 14(1), 24-33. doi: https\/\/doi.org\/10.32797\/jtur-2018-2 [in English].<\/li>\n
  6. Hofferth, S., Yoonjoo Lee, Y., Flood, S., & Carr, D. (2018). Physical Activity and Perceived Health: Can Time Diary Measures of Momentary Well-Being Inform the Association? Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research<\/em>,\u00a014(1), 1-23. doi: https\/\/doi.org\/10.32797\/jtur-2018-1 [in English].<\/li>\n
  7. Roncolato, L., & Radchenko, N. (2016). Women\u2019s labor in South Africa \u2013 Time spent doing simultaneous paid and unpaid work. Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research<\/em>, 13(1),\u00a058-90. doi: https:\/\/ dx.doi.org\/10.13085\/eIJTUR.13.1.58-90 [in English].<\/li>\n
  8. Papastefanou, G., & Zajchowski, D. (2016). Time for shopping \u2013 Social change of time use for shopping activities 1990\u20132012. Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research<\/em>, 13(1),\u00a0109\u2013131. doi: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.13085\/eIJTUR.13.1.109-131 [in English].<\/li>\n
  9. Van Halem, S., Hoeben, E., Bernasco, W., & Ter Bogt, T. (2016). Measuring short and rare activities \u2013 Time diaries in criminology. Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research<\/em>,\u00a013(1),\u00a01\u201333. doi: https:\/\/ dx.doi.org\/10.13085\/eIJTUR.13.1.1-33 [in English].<\/li>\n
  10. Makarova, \u041e. V. (2019). Time Use Statistics in the Focus of Gender Studies. Demography and social economy<\/em>, 4 (38), 30-41 [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n
  11. PTO (Part-Time Optimisation). Official web-site.<\/em> Retrieved from : https:\/\/www.go-for-jobsharing.ch\/fr\/qui-sommes-nous\/association-pto.html [in English].<\/li>\n
  12. Global Multidimensional Poverty Index Report (2022). Retrieved from : https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/ [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n
  13. Information from Switzerland in 10 languages (2022). Retrieved from : https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/ [in Rus.]<\/li>\n
  14. Eurostat. Data Browser. Retrieved from : https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/databrowser\/view\/TEQGES01\/default\/table?lang=en&category=labour.employ.lfsi.lfsi_emp [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n
  15. State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Official web-site.<\/em> Retrieved from : https:\/\/www.ukrstat.gov.ua\/ [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n
  16. UNECE statistical database. Retrieved from : https:\/\/w3.unece.org\/PXWeb2015\/pxweb\/ru\/STAT\/ [in Rus.]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Received:<\/strong> 24 October 2022<\/p>\n

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    Makarova O. (2022). Gender paradoxes: problems of research in the field of work. Modern Economics, 35(2022), 99-105. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V35(2022)-15.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
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    [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] JEL Classification: D63, J16, J22 DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V35(2022)-15 [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Makarova Olena, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8463-0314 e-mail: Makarova_h@ukr.net   Gender Paradoxes: Problems of Research in the Field of Work \u00a0\u00a0 Abstract. Introduction. Employment is one of the
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