{"id":17847,"date":"2022-12-08T20:16:33","date_gmt":"2022-12-08T18:16:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/?p=17847"},"modified":"2022-12-08T21:36:00","modified_gmt":"2022-12-08T19:36:00","slug":"innovation-the-foundation-of","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/innovation-the-foundation-of\/","title":{"rendered":"Sandal J. U. Innovation \u2013 the Foundation of Entrepreneurship"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
JEL Classification<\/strong>: B31; O11; O12; O35
\n<\/span><\/td>\n		DOI<\/b>: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V35(2022)-16<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]SANDAL, J-U., <\/strong>Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Rector and Owner, Fil. Dr. Jan-U. Sandal Institute, 31 Kl\u00f8verveien, 1475 Finstadjordet, Norway<\/p>\n

ORCID ID:<\/strong> 0000-0001-8072-0822<\/a>
\ne-mail: <\/strong>jan-u.sandal@janusandal.no<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Innovation \u2013 the Foundation of Entrepreneurship<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract. Introduction<\/strong>. The article deals with a number of research questions. The main questions are what are the roots and definitions of innovation and entrepreneurship, who is the entrepreneur, what role does gender play, what are the consequences of interest on productive loans, what is the meaning of innovation managements and do organizations create innovations.<\/p>\n

Purpose.<\/strong> The purpose of the article is a scientific analyzes of the roots, definitions, and use of the phenomena described by the terms innovation and entrepreneurship.<\/p>\n

Results.<\/strong> The research method is based on identifying a number of scientists dealing with the topics covering the research questions. The research period covers approximately 300 years. Even thou the modern use of the terms innovation and entrepreneurship might differ in the political and religious contexts of today, that disturbance has no influx on the deeper understanding and causes no diversions. Investing taxpayers’ money in entrepreneurship will only result in loss, because politicians and governments do not have access to innovation, which means that their engagement will be limited to the static production function.<\/p>\n

Conclusions.<\/strong> The conclusion shows that the Franco-Austrian-Norwegian (FAN) scientific tradition of innovation and entrepreneurship based on Say, Schumpeter and Sandal is defining innovation, social innovation and entrepreneurship. In the historic, scientific analyzes, the entrepreneur is a male, not a female or any other gender. Furthermore, innovation is the foundation of all entrepreneurship.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong> innovation, entrepreneur, gender, innovation management, organizations.<\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Cantillon, R. (1755\/1931). Essai sur la nature du commerce en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral.<\/em> London\/New York : Henry Higgs, C. [in English].<\/li>\n
  2. Say, J-B. (1821\/1964). A treatise on political economy<\/em>. New York : August M. Kelly [in English].<\/li>\n
  3. Sandal, J-U. (2003). Jakten p\u00e5 Entrepren\u00f8ren. Kan Joseph A. Schumpeters teori benyttes til \u00e5 identifisere og differensiere entrepren\u00f8rer i det 21. \u00e5rhundre?<\/em> Stockholm : Almquist & Wiksell [in English].<\/li>\n
  4. Ricardo, D. (1817\/1984). The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation<\/em>. London: J.M. Dent & Son Ltd. [in English].<\/li>\n
  5. Schumpeter, J., A. (1934\/2008). The theory of Economic Development.<\/em> New Brunswick, USA: Transaction Publishers [in English].<\/li>\n
  6. Schumpeter, J., A. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. <\/em>New York: Harper & Brothers [in English].<\/li>\n
  7. Sandal, J-U. (2010). The Social Entrepreneur Pyramid With a Nordic Perspective on Social Entrepreneurship. <\/em>Sweden : Lund University [in English].<\/li>\n
  8. Casson, M. (1982). The Entrepreneur \u2013 An Economic Theory. <\/em>New Jersey: Barnes & Noble Books [in English].<\/li>\n
  9. Sandal, J-U. (2004). Sosialt Entrepren\u00f8rskap (Social Entrepreneurship). Lund Papers in Economic History<\/em>, No. 96, 2004. Lund : Lund University [in English].<\/li>\n
  10. Sandal, J-U. (2011). Introduction to Joseph Alois Schumpeter : Entrepreneurial Profit \u2013 An Incentive for Democratic Development. The Journal of the Economic Society of Finland.<\/em> Issue 64, Third Series, 2011, Finland, Helsingfors: FI-ISSN 0013-3183 [in English].<\/li>\n
  11. Sandal, J-U. (2016). The new Social Class System. Role of higher education institutions in society : challenges, tendencies and perspectives. <\/em> 1 (5), 2016. Lithuania: Alytaus Kolegija [in English].<\/li>\n
  12. Sandal, J-U. (2017). How innovation maintains and develops democracy. Economic Annals-\u0425\u0425I<\/em>: Vol. 165, Issue 5-6, pages 23-26, October 11 [in English].<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Received:<\/strong> 19 September 2022<\/p>\n

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    Sandal J. U. (2022). Innovation \u2013 the Foundation of Entrepreneurship. Modern Economics, 35(2022), 106-111. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V35(2022)-16.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
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    [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] JEL Classification: B31; O11; O12; O35 DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V35(2022)-16 [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]SANDAL, J-U., Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Rector and Owner, Fil. Dr. Jan-U. Sandal Institute, 31 Kl\u00f8verveien, 1475 Finstadjordet, Norway ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8072-0822 e-mail: jan-u.sandal@janusandal.no   Innovation \u2013 the Foundation of Entrepreneurship \u00a0\u00a0 Abstract. Introduction. The article deals with a number of research questions. The main questions
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