{"id":19988,"date":"2025-04-08T11:01:20","date_gmt":"2025-04-08T08:01:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/?p=19988"},"modified":"2025-04-09T14:02:13","modified_gmt":"2025-04-09T11:02:13","slug":"the-impact-of-policy-on","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/the-impact-of-policy-on\/","title":{"rendered":"Gorbacheva L., Leshchii L. The Impact of Policy on the Development of SMEs in Spain"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
JEL Classification: <\/strong>F50<\/span><\/td>\nDOI<\/b>: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V49(2025)-06<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Laura Gorbacheva, <\/b>Master\u2019s student majoring in \u201cManagement\u201d, Ukrainian-American Concordia University, Kyiv, Ukraine<\/span><\/p>\n

ORCID ID:<\/strong> 0009-0001-7595-4568<\/span><\/a>
\ne-mail: <\/strong>laura.gorbacheva@uacu.edu.ua<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Lesya Leshchii, <\/b>PhD in Economics, Associate Professor of the Department of International Economic Relations, Business and Management, Ukrainian-American Concordia University, Kyiv, Ukraine<\/span><\/p>\n

ORCID ID:<\/strong> 0000-0003-2520-0589<\/span><\/a>
\ne-mail: <\/strong>lesya.leshchiy@uacu.edu.ua<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Impact of Policy on the Development of SMEs in Spain<\/b><\/h2>\n

Abstract. Introduction<\/i><\/b>. Time is changing, but the status of political stability in countries still has a strong influence on the situation of domestic processes and, in particular, businesses. This article examines the impact of political polarization of the Spanish state apparatus and the periods of its aggravation from 2008 to 2025 and its impact on the situation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Spain.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Purpose. <\/i><\/b>This article aims to assess the impact of political stability on business prospects. The methodology used is a systematic analysis of the available literature and statistical data on the subject.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Results.<\/i><\/b> The results show that political instability is an inhibiting factor in the pace of SME development, and the aggressive promotion of political ideologies leads to skepticism among entrepreneurs. These findings underscore the need for stabilization in the political sphere to unleash the full potential of critical units to sustain the economy and source of employment.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Conclusions.<\/i><\/b> In the context of global crises, such as the 2008 global crisis and the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, as well as local crises, such as the 2017 Catalan crisis, in the absence of consistent approaches and the rigid promotion of political ideologies, SMEs become very vulnerable and require additional support from the state.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

The results may also have practical benefits for Ukraine, which has been in a state of crisis since February 2022, caused by the invasion of a foreign aggressor state. As in Spain, the Ukrainian state apparatus should pay due attention to the development of measures to effectively support SMEs.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/i><\/b> Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs); Political Polarization; Spain; Economic Crises; Government Support.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Abad, M. & Diez A. (2024, November 30). De Suresnes a Sevilla. 50 a\u00f1os del PSOE, congreso a congreso. El Pa\u00eds. https:\/\/elpais.com\/espana\/2024-11-30\/de-suresnes-a-sevilla-50-anos-del-psoe-congreso-a-congreso.html\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Castellana, F. (2017, December 3). Spain\u2019s resistance to populism after the economic crisis (ENG, 2017). Academia.edu. https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/35324559\/Spains_resistance_to_populism_after_the_economic_crisis_ENG_2017.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. ERTE: qu\u00e9 es y cu\u00e1ndo se puede aplicar. (2024, November 22). https:\/\/www.wolterskluwer.com\/es-es\/expert-insights\/erte-que-es-y-cuando-se-puede-aplicar.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Flores, C. P. (2017, December 16). La crisis pol\u00edtica catalana y sus efectos sobre la econom\u00eda. The Economy Journal. https:\/\/www.theeconomyjournal.com\/texto-diario\/mostrar\/971875\/crisis-politica-catalana-efectos-sobre-economia.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Guti\u00e9rrez, H. (2021, January 4). The Spanish tourist sector closes its worst year since the 1970s. EL PA\u00cdS English. https:\/\/english.elpais.com\/economy_and_business\/2021-01-04\/the-spanish-tourist-sector-closes-its-worst-year-since-the-1970s.html.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Kreab. (2017, October 20). 55% of international investors did not consider Catalonia as an investment destination during political uncertainty. Kreab. https:\/\/kreab.com\/espana\/en\/insight\/55-of-international-investors-did-not-consider-catalonia-as-an-investment-destination-during-political-uncertainty.<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Redacci\u00f3n, C. de. (2007). La Pol\u00edtica Econ\u00f3mica del gobierno Zapatero: Revista de Fomento Social, 293\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32418\/rfs.2007.247.2137.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. RTVE. (2024, October 3). S\u00e1nchez anuncia 4.500 millones en subvenciones y 50.000 millones en pr\u00e9stamos para pymes. RTVE. https:\/\/www.rtve.es\/noticias\/20241003\/sanchez-anuncia-4500-millones-subvenciones-50000-millones-prestamos-pymes\/16272215.shtml\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. S\u00e1nchez, R. M. (2023, December 18). Aumenta al 60% el porcentaje de empresas que se\u00f1ala que la incertidumbre pol\u00edtica lastra su actividad. El Peri\u00f3dico. https:\/\/www.elperiodico.com\/es\/economia\/20231218\/empresas-dicen-incertidumbre-politica-lastra-actividad-95982886.<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. \u00a0<\/span>Sector hotelero en Espa\u00f1a: impacto del coronavirus en 2020.<\/span><\/i> (n.d.). Statista. https:\/\/es.statista.com\/estadisticas\/1121336\/covid-19-impacto-en-el-sector-hotelero-en-espana\/<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. \u00a0Spain Jobless Rate Rises to 14.7% in Q1. (2019, April 25) Tradingeconomics.com; TRADING ECONOMICS. https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/spain\/unemployment-rate.<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. \u00a0The political uncertainty in Catalonia and doubts about global growth hinder international investment in Spain – Spain. (2019, October 25). Spain. https:\/\/kreab.com\/espana\/en\/insight\/the-political-uncertainty-in-catalonia-and-doubts-about-global-growth-hinder-international-investment-in-spain.<\/span><\/li>\n
  13. Meyer, E. (2020) Cultural Map. Barriers to Intercultural Communication in Business. Kyiv: Nash format, 224 \u0440.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Received:<\/strong> 17 January 2025<\/span><\/p>\n

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    Gorbacheva L., Leshchii L. (2025). The Impact of Policy on the Development of SMEs in Spain. Modern Economics, 49(2025), 45-49. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V49(2025)-06.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
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    [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] JEL Classification: F50 DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V49(2025)-06 [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Laura Gorbacheva, Master\u2019s student majoring in \u201cManagement\u201d, Ukrainian-American Concordia University, Kyiv, Ukraine ORCID ID: 0009-0001-7595-4568 e-mail: laura.gorbacheva@uacu.edu.ua Lesya Leshchii, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor of the Department of International Economic Relations, Business and Management, Ukrainian-American Concordia University, Kyiv, Ukraine ORCID ID: 0000-0003-2520-0589 e-mail: lesya.leshchiy@uacu.edu.ua   The Impact of Policy
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