Warning: "continue" targeting switch is equivalent to "break". Did you mean to use "continue 2"? in /var/www/www-root/data/www/modecon.mnau.edu.ua/wp-content/plugins/qtranslate-x/qtranslate_frontend.php on line 497
{"id":21347,"date":"2026-02-02T14:40:50","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T12:40:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/?p=21347"},"modified":"2026-02-02T14:40:50","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T12:40:50","slug":"accounting-policy-as-an-instrument","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/accounting-policy-as-an-instrument\/","title":{"rendered":"Dubinina M. Accounting Policy as an Instrument for Enhancing the Effectiveness of Control over Goods Transactions"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
JEL Classification:<\/strong> M41; M42; L81; D23.<\/span><\/i><\/td>\nDOI<\/b>: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V54(2025)-09<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Dubinina M. V., <\/b>Doctor of Sciences in Economics, Professor, Head of Department of Accounting and Taxation, Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Mykolayiv, Ukraine<\/span><\/p>\n

ORCID:<\/strong> 0000-0002-3993-0622<\/span><\/a>
\ne-mail: <\/strong>dubinina@mnau.edu.ua<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Accounting Policy as an Instrument for Enhancing the Effectiveness of Control over Goods Transactions<\/b><\/p>\n

Abstract. Introduction<\/i><\/b>.\u00a0<\/span><\/i>Goods operations constitute one of the most risk-sensitive areas of accounting in trade enterprises because inventory data directly shape cost of sales, gross profit, and the reliability of internal reporting. The effectiveness of internal control in this area depends on how the accounting policy combines methodological decisions with organizational regulations, including document flow design, authorization rules, allocation of responsibilities, and the creation of an auditable evidence trail. A well-structured policy reduces inconsistencies between primary documents and registers and improves the integrity of information used for managerial decision-making.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Purpose<\/i><\/b>. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the methodological and organizational provisions of accounting policy that enhance the effectiveness of control over goods operations in a trade enterprise and to define practical guidelines for ensuring controllability of inventory movement and related transactions.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Results<\/i><\/b>. The study shows that control effectiveness is driven by the capacity of procedures to prevent errors before they are recorded in accounting registers and to ensure timely correction while maintaining full traceability of data. Control is substantiated across the stages of the goods cycle, including receipt, storage, internal transfers, sale, returns, markdowns, and write-offs, with attention to the specific risks typical for each stage. The paper emphasizes the need to combine preventive and detective controls, for example through regulated authorization, standardized documentation, reconciliations between operational and accounting data, and periodic verification procedures.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

A key contribution is the use of data-quality criteria as control benchmarks, ensuring that management information is complete, accurate, timely, comparable over time, and verifiable from the source. The accounting policy should explicitly formalize the rules for generating management indicators related to goods turnover and sales processes, thereby strengthening consistency between financial accounting and internal analytics. To operationalize control responsibilities, a matrix approach is justified for structuring the linkage between risks, accounting policy rules, control actions, and responsible parties. This approach improves governance clarity, supports consistent control execution, and provides a transparent basis for evaluating control results and identifying weaknesses in the control environment.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Conclusions<\/i><\/b>. Accounting policy is presented as an instrument that ensures manageability and auditability of goods operations across the full goods cycle, establishes unified rules for data generation, and defines the boundaries of acceptable accounting decisions. Higher control effectiveness is achieved by integrating preventive and detective procedures into key inventory-flow processes and by ensuring disciplined document flow and terminological clarity regarding sales and sales-process costs. As a result, enterprises can strengthen register consistency, reduce the likelihood of material misstatements related to inventories, and improve the usability of accounting information for management.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Keywords<\/b>: accounting; control; goods; enterprise management system; accounting policy; goods transactions; internal control.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

References<\/b>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Shmyhel, O. Ye. (2021). Osoblyvosti rozroblennia oblikovoi polityky torhovelnykh pidpryiemstv [Features of developing accounting policy of trading enterprises]. Innovatsiina ekonomika, (3\u20134), 159\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37332\/2309-1533.2021.3-4.22.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Chernin, O. Ya. (2017). Bukhhalterskyi oblik i kontrol tovariv pidpryiemstva [Accounting and control of enterprise goods] (Extended abstract of candidate\u2019s thesis). Zhytomyr: ZhDTU.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Poloz, D. V. (2024). Metodychni aspekty formuvannia oblikovoi polityky tovariv u systemi upravlinnia pidpryiemstvom [Methodological aspects of forming the accounting policy for goods in the enterprise management system]. Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology, 9(3), 91\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36887\/2415-8453-2024-3-16.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Tarasova, T. O., Yanchev, A. V., & Voloshan, I. H. (2015). Pervynnyi oblik tovarnykh operatsii pidpryiemstv rozdribnoi torhivli [Primary accounting of goods transactions of retail trade enterprises]. Kharkiv: KhDUKhT.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Fomina, O. V. (2008). Oblik i audyt v upravlinni prodazhamy tovariv [Accounting and audit in management of goods sales] (Extended abstract of candidate\u2019s thesis). Kyiv: Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2011). Tax Code of Ukraine. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy, (13\u201314), (15\u201316), (17), Art. 112. (As amended by Law No. 3522 of December 20, 2023). Retrieved from http:\/\/zakon1.rada.gov.ua\/cgi-bin\/laws\/main.cgi?nreg=2755-17.<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (1999, July 16). Law of Ukraine \u201cOn Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine\u201d (No. 996-XIV, as amended October 10, 2025). Retrieved December 2, 2025, from https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/996-14#Text.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Ministry of Finance of Ukraine. (1999, October 20). Natsionalne polozhennia (standart) bukhhalterskoho obliku 9 \u201cZapasy\u201d [National accounting standard 9 \u201cInventories\u201d] (Order No. 246, as amended). https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/z0751-99#Text.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. Ministry of Finance of Ukraine. (2014, September 2). Polozhennia pro inventaryzatsiiu aktyviv ta zoboviazan [Regulation on inventory of assets and liabilities] (Order No. 879, as amended May 26, 2022). Retrieved December 28, 2025, from https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/z1365-14#Text.<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. Slyvka, Ya. V. (n.d.). Problematyka vykorystannia terminiv \u201cprodazh\u201d, \u201crealizatsiia\u201d, \u201czbut\u201d [Issues of using the terms \u201csale\u201d, \u201crealization\u201d, \u201cdistribution\u201d]. Mizhnarodnyi zbirnyk naukovykh prats, 2(20), 434\u2013447.<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. Vysochyn, I. (2011). Informatsiine zabezpechennia upravlinnia tovarooborotom pidpryiemstv rozdribnoi torhivli [Information support for managing retail trade turnover]. Ekonomika, (7(114)), 3\u20137.<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. Andreieva, T. (2025, January 2). Oblik tovarnykh zapasiv dlia FOP u 2025 rotsi [Accounting for inventory of goods for sole proprietors in 2025]. Torhsoft. Retrieved December 2, 2025, from https:\/\/torgsoft.ua\/articles\/law\/tovarni-zapasy\/<\/span><\/li>\n
  13. Prystemskyi, O. S., & Sakun, A. Zh. (2023). Teoretyko-metodolohichni aspekty obliku tovarnykh operatsii na pidpryiemstvakh torhivli [Theoretical and methodological aspects of accounting for goods transactions in trade enterprises]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats TDATU imeni Dmytra Motornoho (ekonomichni nauky), 1(47), 164\u2013175.<\/span><\/li>\n
  14. Kolumbet, O. P., & Malynevska, D. P. (2018). Osoblyvosti rukhu tovariv na pidpryiemstvakh optovoi torhivli [Peculiarities of goods movement at wholesale trade enterprises]. Young Scientist, 1(53). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.economy.nayka.com.ua\/pdf\/11_2019\/72.pdf<\/span><\/li>\n
  15. Yaremko, I. Y. (2025). Informatsiina funktsiia obliku i vnutrishnoho kontroliu v upravlinni operatsiinoiu diialnistiu torhovelnykh pidpryiemstv [Information function of accounting and internal control in the management of operating activities of trading enterprises]. Ekonomika ta suspilstvo, (73). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32782\/2524-0072\/2025-73-110<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Received: <\/strong>20 December 2025<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"dubinina.pdf\"<\/div>
    dubinina.pdf<\/div><\/div>
    <\/div>
    <\/div>
    Size: <\/span>1,35<\/span><\/div>
    Download Now!<\/a><\/span>206<\/span> Downloads<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    How to quote this article?<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    Dubinina M. (2025). Accounting Policy as an Instrument for Enhancing the Effectiveness of Control over Goods Transactions. Modern Economics, 54(2025), 59-69. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V54(2025)-09.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1657628632157{margin-top: 10px !important;}”]<< \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0437\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0443<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] JEL Classification: M41; M42; L81; D23. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V54(2025)-09 [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Dubinina M. V., Doctor of Sciences in Economics, Professor, Head of Department of Accounting and Taxation, Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Mykolayiv, Ukraine ORCID: 0000-0002-3993-0622 e-mail: dubinina@mnau.edu.ua Accounting Policy as an Instrument for Enhancing the Effectiveness of Control over Goods Transactions Abstract. Introduction.\u00a0Goods operations constitute one of
    Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":13475,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[245],"tags":[247],"class_list":["post-21347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-54-2025","tag-54-2025"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21347"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21351,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21347\/revisions\/21351"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}