{"id":21554,"date":"2026-04-04T11:40:51","date_gmt":"2026-04-04T08:40:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/?p=21554"},"modified":"2026-04-04T11:40:51","modified_gmt":"2026-04-04T08:40:51","slug":"development-of-the-silver-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/development-of-the-silver-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"Kraus N., Kraus K., Marchenko O. Development of the \u201cSilver\u201d Economy and Inclusive Entrepreneurship in the Conditions of Digitization"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
JEL Classification:<\/strong> J14; H55; M13; O33<\/span>.<\/span><\/i><\/td>\nDOI<\/b>: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V55(2026)-20<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Kraus Nataliia, <\/b>Dr. Sc. (Economics), Professor, Professor of the Department of Development and Spatial Planning of the Separate Structural Unit \u201cInstitute of Innovative Education of the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture\u201d, Kyiv, Ukraine<\/span><\/p>\n

ORCID:<\/strong> 0000-0001-8610-3980<\/span><\/a>
\ne-mail: <\/strong>k2205n@ukr.net<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Kraus Kateryna, <\/b>Cand. Sc. (Economics), Assosiate Professor, Senior Research Officer of Scientific and research part, Bohdan Khmelnytskyi National University of Cherkasy, Cherkasy, Ukraine<\/span><\/p>\n

ORCID:<\/strong> 0000-0003-4910-8330<\/span><\/a>
\ne-mail: <\/strong>k23k@ukr.net<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Marchenko Oleksandr, <\/b>Cand. Sc. (Economics), Assosiate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Law and Finance, Poltava institute of economics and law higher education institution \u201cOpen international university of development people \u201cUkraine\u201d\u201d, Poltava, Ukraine<\/span><\/p>\n

ORCID:<\/strong> 0000-0002-3342-0525<\/span><\/a>
\ne-mail: <\/strong>alexmarchenko1954@gmail.com<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Development of the \u201cSilver\u201d Economy and Inclusive Entrepreneurship in the Conditions of Digitization<\/b><\/p>\n

Abstract. Introduction<\/i><\/b>. The Ukrainian economy needs to find new sources of economic growth and budget funding at all levels. The formation and development of a “silver” economy could be such a source because it could stimulate the employment of people aged 60 and older, reduce the burden on the pension system, and increase the purchasing power and tax revenues of the elderly<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Purpose<\/i><\/b>. of the article is to identify the main aspects of forming a “silver” economy based on developing “silver” and inclusive entrepreneurship. Furthermore, it aims to identify the factors and motives that encourage the popularization of “silver” entrepreneurship among older adults and increase the need for inclusive national development.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Results<\/i><\/b>. The article substantiates the place and role of forming a “silver” economy in reducing the socioeconomic burden on the country’s budget under martial law. The article notes that factors and motives for developing inclusive and “silver” entrepreneurship include improving well-being through additional wages, increasing one’s purchasing power, achieving economic independence from one’s children and grandchildren, and social integration, self-realization, recognition, and a sense of purpose within one’s family and society. The article considers actions and measures aimed at forming the “silver” economy and inclusive entrepreneurship in Ukraine, including volunteering, intergenerational solidarity, combating social exclusion, strengthening education in inclusive entrepreneurship, and encouraging the use of digital technologies among the elderly, as well as popularizing health insurance for workers aged 55 and older.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Conclusions<\/i><\/b>. As the \u201csilver\u201d economy develops, it is worth establishing \u201csilver\u201d support centers and \u201csilver\u201d provision hubs. These centers would enrich the lives of older adults, promote socialization, and foster entrepreneurship. According to scientists, people of the “silver” age could form interest-based groups in these support centers, some for mutual assistance and some for joint inclusive entrepreneurship.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Keywords<\/b>: \u201csilver\u201d economy, inclusive business, barrier-free, accessibility, social inclusion, artificial intelligence, digitalization.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

References<\/b>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Brodovska, O.H. (2023). <\/span>Hlobalna inkliuzyvna ekonomika v umovakh novitnikh transformatsiinykh vyklykiv.<\/span><\/i> ZUNU. [in Ukrainian].<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u00a0<\/span> Davydenko, H. (2023). <\/span>Tsyfrova inkliuziia ta dostupnist: sotsialna didzhytalizatsiia.<\/span><\/i> TVORY. <\/span>[in Ukrainian].<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. \u00a0<\/span> Pavlikha, N.V. (Ed.). (2025). <\/span>Inkliuzyvna vidbudova Ukrainy: ekonomichna, sotsialna ta prostorovo-tekhnolohichna reintehratsiia.<\/span><\/i> FOP Kosenko A.O. [in Ukrainian].<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u00a0<\/span> Kraus, K.M., Kraus, N.M., & Kyryliuk, Ye.M. (2024). <\/span>Pidpryiemnytstvo. Industriia. Ekonomika: imperatyvy instytutsionalnykh zmin ta fenomenolohiia tsyfrovoi transformatsii<\/span><\/i>. PP \u201cAstraia\u201d. [in Ukrainian].<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u00a0<\/span> Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. (2021). <\/span>Pro skhvalennia Natsionalnoi stratehii iz stvorennia bezbariernoho prostoru v Ukraini na period do 2030 roku.<\/span><\/i> \u2116 366-\u0440. https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/366-2021-%D1%80#Text. [in Ukrainian].<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. \u00a0<\/span> Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. (2024). <\/span>Pro skhvalennia Stratehii tsyfrovoho rozvytku innovatsiinoi diialnosti Ukrainy na period do 2030 roku ta zatverdzhennia operatsiinoho planu zakhodiv z yii realizatsii u 2025-2027 rokakh.<\/span><\/i> \u2116 1351-\u0440. https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/1351-2024-%D1%80#Text. [in Ukrainian].<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. \u00a0<\/span> Tsymbaliuk, I.O.<\/span> (2023). <\/span>Inkliuzyvna ekonomika: shliakh do sotsialnoi rivnosti ta ekonomichnoho rozvytku.<\/span><\/i> Vezha-Druk.<\/span> [in Ukrainian].<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. \u00a0<\/span> Alieksieiev, I., Weclawski, J., Kurylo, O., & Chaus, O. (2023). Family businesses in Ukraine and abroad: comparison of research areas. <\/span>Socio-Economic Relations in the Digital Society,<\/span><\/i> 2(48), 2<\/span>\u2013<\/span>11. <\/span>DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/<\/span>10.55643\/ser.2.48.2023.488. <\/span>[in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. \u00a0<\/span> Alvarez Diez, R.C., Vega Esparza, R.M., Banuelos-Garcia, V.H., Villegas Santillan, M.T., Llamas Felix, B.I., Arredondo Luna, V., Hernandez Ponce, J.R., Garcia Mart\u00ednez, F. de M., Alvarado-Pena, L.J., & Lopez-Robles, J.R. (2022). Silver economy and entrepreneurship, an emerging innovative area: An academic, scientific and business framework for building new knowledge. <\/span>Iberoamerican Journal of Science Measurement and Communication,<\/span><\/i> 2(3), 1\u201318. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47909\/ijsmc.45.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. \u00a0<\/span> Arif, Z., Dede, S.K., Utang, S., & Neneng, Y.Y. (2024). Trends in social inclusion and its impact on public services: Research by CiteSpace. <\/span>Cogent Social Sciences,<\/span><\/i> 10(1). Art. 2392295. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23311886.2024.2392295.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. \u00a0<\/span> Botti, A., Parente, R., & Vesci, R. (Eds.) (2023). <\/span>How to do business in digital era? A casebook. <\/span><\/i>Second edition. Salerno-Cracow: Cracow University of Economics. https:\/\/ted.uek.krakow.pl\/output-2-the-casebook-how-to-do-business-in-digital-era\/. [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. \u00a0<\/span> Cytowanie, D.A., & Skonieczny, J. (2022). Silver entrepreneurship as an instrument for activating seniors on the labor market in Poland. <\/span>HRM [ZZL],<\/span><\/i> 149(6), 11\u201325. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5604\/01.3001.0016.2043.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  13. \u00a0<\/span> Griva, A., Mitroulia, M., & Armakolas, S. (2024). Strategic management of the silver economy: A European perspective. <\/span>European Journal of Management and Marketing Studie,<\/span><\/i> 9(1). DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.46827\/ejmms.v9i1.1693.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  14. \u00a0<\/span> Kakko, L., & Heikkila, E. (2023). Entrepreneurship simulation program for silver economy in Central Baltic. <\/span>Tampere University of Applied Sciences.<\/span><\/i> https:\/\/www.tuni.fi\/en\/research\/entrepreneurship-simulation-program-silver-economy-central-baltic.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  15. \u00a0<\/span> Kraus, K., & Kraus, N. (2024). Organizational and economic conditions of development and components of market success of enterprises in the conditions of digitalization, innovation and socialization of the national economy. <\/span>The Problems of Economy,<\/span><\/i> 2, 143\u2013150. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32983\/2222-0712-2024-2-143-150.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  16. \u00a0<\/span> Kraus, K., Kraus, N., & Marchenko, O. (2024). Forecasting the innovative and digital strength of Ukraine\u2019s economy on the basis of correlation-regress analysis. <\/span>Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, <\/span><\/i>10(3), 180\u2013192. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30525\/2256-0742\/2024-10-3-180-192.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  17. \u00a0<\/span> Kraus, S., Vonmetz, K., Bullini Orlandi, L., Zardini, A., & Rossignoli, C<\/span>.<\/span><\/i> (2023). Digital entrepreneurship: The role of entrepreneurial orientation and digitalization for disruptive innovation. <\/span>Technological Forecasting and Social Change,<\/span><\/i> 193, Art. 122638. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2023.122638.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  18. \u00a0<\/span> Magliocca, P. (Eds.). (2023). Doing business digitally. A textbook. Second edition. Foggia-Cracow: Ma\u0142opolska School of Public Administration, Cracow University of Economics. https:\/\/ted.uek.krakow.pl\/output-2-the-textbook-doing-business-digitally\/.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  19. \u00a0<\/span> Marcucci, G., Ciarapica, F., Poler, R., & Sanchis, R. (2021). A bibliometric analysis of the emerging trends in silver economy. <\/span>IFAC-PapersOnLine,<\/span><\/i> 54(1), 936\u2013941. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ifacol.2021.08.190.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  20. \u00a0<\/span> McGuirk, H., Lenihan, A.C., & Lenihan, N. (2022). Awareness and potential of the silver economy for enterprises: a European regional level study. <\/span>Small Enterprise Research,<\/span><\/i> 29(1), 6\u201319. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13215906.2021.1919915.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  21. \u00a0<\/span> Muftawu, D.A., & Ibrahim, O.A. (2021). The effects of digital inclusion and ICT access on the quality of life: A global perspective. <\/span>Technology in Society,<\/span><\/i> 64, Art. 101511. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techsoc.2020.101511.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  22. \u00a0<\/span> Rani, V.S., & Sundaram, N. (2023). Impact of financial inclusion on women entrepreneurs in India: an empirical study. <\/span>International Journal of Professional Business Review,<\/span><\/i> 8(6), 01\u201324, Art. e02247. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55908\/sdgs.v11i7.1308.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  23. \u00a0<\/span> Samoliuk, N., Bilan, Y., & Mishchuk, H. (2023). Managing a veteran business: topicality and opportunities for social adaptation of combatants. <\/span>Polish journal of management studies,<\/span><\/i> 28(1), 295\u2013310. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17512\/pjms.2023.28.1.17.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n
  24. \u00a0<\/span> Zeinab, H., Wael, Kh., & Ibrahim, H.O. (2022). An international social inclusion index with application in the organization for economic co-operation and development countries. <\/span>Decision Analytics Journal,<\/span><\/i> 3, Art. 100047. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dajour.2022.100047.<\/span> [in English].<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Received: <\/strong>31 January<\/span> 2026<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"kraus.pdf\"<\/div>
    kraus.pdf<\/div><\/div>
    <\/div>
    <\/div>
    Size: <\/span>1,35<\/span><\/div>
    Download Now!<\/a><\/span>3<\/span> Downloads<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    How to quote this article?<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    Kraus N., Kraus K., Marchenko O. (2026). Development of the \u201cSilver\u201d Economy and Inclusive Entrepreneurship in the Conditions of Digitization. Modern Economics, 55(2026), 146-152. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V55(2026)-20.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1657628632157{margin-top: 10px !important;}”]<< \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0437\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0443<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] JEL Classification: J14; H55; M13; O33. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V55(2026)-20 [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Kraus Nataliia, Dr. Sc. (Economics), Professor, Professor of the Department of Development and Spatial Planning of the Separate Structural Unit \u201cInstitute of Innovative Education of the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture\u201d, Kyiv, Ukraine ORCID: 0000-0001-8610-3980 e-mail: k2205n@ukr.net Kraus Kateryna, Cand. Sc. (Economics), Assosiate Professor,
    Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":13475,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250,67],"tags":[249],"class_list":["post-21554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-55-2026","category-articles","tag-55-2026"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21554"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21554\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21559,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21554\/revisions\/21559"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}