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{"id":21587,"date":"2026-04-04T11:26:51","date_gmt":"2026-04-04T08:26:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/?p=21587"},"modified":"2026-04-04T11:26:51","modified_gmt":"2026-04-04T08:26:51","slug":"macroeconomic-determinants-of-the-formation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/macroeconomic-determinants-of-the-formation\/","title":{"rendered":"Posnova T., Shcherbatykh D., Remyha Yu. Macroeconomic Determinants of the Formation and Recovery of Human Capital"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: auto; border: solid 1px white!important;\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid 1px white!important;\"><strong>JEL Classification:<\/strong> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E24; J11; J24<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right; border: solid 1px white!important;\"><b>DOI<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V55(2026)-31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V55(2026)-31<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<b>Posnova Tetiana, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Private Higher Educational Institution \u201cEuropean University\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>ORCID:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2038-7743\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0000-0003-2038-7743<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<strong>e-mail: <\/strong><a href=\"mailto:tatosnova@gmail.com\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tatosnova@gmail.com<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Shcherbatykh Denys, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph.D. in Economics, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Economics, Finance and Accounting, Private Higher Education Establishment \u201cEuropean University\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>ORCID:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0990-8376\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0000-0003-0990-8376<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<strong>e-mail: <\/strong><a href=\"mailto:denys.shcherbatykh@e-u.edu.ua\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">denys.shcherbatykh@e-u.edu.ua<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Remyha Yuliia, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Candidate in Economics, Associate Professor Head of the Department of Management and Logistics Private Higher Educational Establishment \u201cEuropean University\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>ORCID:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7162-5081\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0000-0001-7162-5081<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<strong>e-mail: <\/strong><a href=\"mailto:yuliia.remyha@e-u.edu.ua\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yuliia.remyha@e-u.edu.ua<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Macroeconomic Determinants of the Formation and Recovery of Human Capital<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Abstract. Introduction<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In the context of demographic decline, large-scale external migration, labor market imbalances, and severe fiscal constraints caused by war and prolonged instability, the formation and reproduction of human capital in Ukraine increasingly depend on macroeconomic determinants. GDP dynamics, employment structure, income levels, and public expenditure priorities shape not only the scale of investment in education and healthcare but also the qualitative characteristics of human capital and its capacity to generate long-term economic growth and structural modernization<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Purpose<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the role of macroeconomic factors in the formation and restoration of human capital under systemic demographic and migration challenges and to determine priority directions for improving macroeconomic policy aimed at strengthening its recovery potential in the medium and long term.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Results<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The research demonstrates that demographic contraction and external migration significantly reduce labor supply, narrow the tax base, and lower potential GDP. It identifies fiscal limitations, structural labor market mismatches, and institutional fragmentation as major barriers to effective human capital policy. Current state strategies are found to be weakly integrated with fiscal planning and insufficiently linked to productivity, innovation dynamics, and long-term growth indicators.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Conclusions<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Effective restoration of human capital requires a transition from a socially compensatory approach to an integrated macroeconomic framework aligned with fiscal, demographic, and employment policies. Human capital should be treated as a strategic driver of sustainable economic growth, productivity enhancement, macroeconomic resilience, and national competitiveness.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Keywords<\/b>: human capital; recovery; macroeconomic determinants; demographic decline; external migration.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>References<\/b>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heiko, O. V. (2025). Challenges of the demographic crisis in Ukraine: Implications for human capital development. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economy and Society<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 79. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32782\/2524-0072\/2025-79-68<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Irtyshcheva, I. O., Trushliakova, A. B., &amp; Riabets, D. M. (2019). Demographic situation of Ukraine in the system of measuring human capital and healthcare. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. Series: Economics and Management<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 4(82), 136\u2013143. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32845\/bsnau.2019.4.26<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. (2026). On approval of the State Target Social Programme \u201cYouth of Ukraine: Generation of Resilience \u2013 2030\u201d and amendments to certain acts of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (Resolution No. 20, January 2, 2026). <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/ips.ligazakon.net\/document\/KP26_020?an=1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. (2024). On approval of the Demographic Development Strategy of Ukraine until 2040 (Order No. 922-r, September 30, 2024). <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/922-2024-\u0440#Text<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ministry of Economy of Ukraine. (2024). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Employment Strategy of Ukraine until 2030<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/me.gov.ua\/News\/Detail\/e90d802f-2d02-45e3-b53a-e9be765b3923<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deloitte. (2024). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2024 Global Human Capital Trends: Thriving beyond boundaries &#8211; Human performance in a boundaryless world<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.deloitte.com\/content\/dam\/assets-zone2\/ua\/en\/docs\/about\/2024\/DI_Global-Human-Capital-Trends-2024.pdf<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Bank of Ukraine. (2025). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human Capital Resilience Charter<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/bank.gov.ua\/ua\/news\/all\/natsionalniy-bank-pidpisav-hartiyu-stiykosti-lyudskogo-kapitalu<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Bank. (2023). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human Capital Reviews<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. World Bank. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/human-capital\/brief\/human-capital-reviews<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kraay, A. C. (2018). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Methodology for a World Bank Human Capital Index<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Policy Research Working Paper No. WPS 8593). World Bank Group. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/300071537907028892<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kropyvna, K. (2025). The impact of external labour migration on the demographic situation in Ukraine: Trends, challenges and projections. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Visegrad Journal on Human Rights<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 2. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.61345\/1339-7915.2025.2.31<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Luchyk, S., &amp; Luchyk, M. (2021). Human capital of Ukraine: Inclusive development. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MEST Journal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 9(2). <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12709\/mest.09.09.02.07<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OECD. (2021). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Productivity and human capital<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. OECD Publishing. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/productivity-and-human-capital_01ca6be9-en.html<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in human capital. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The American Economic Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 51(1), 1\u201317.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">KSE Institute. (2025). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ukraine Human Capital Chartbook 2025<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/kse.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Ukraine-Human-Capital-Chartbook-2025.pdf<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<strong>Received: <\/strong>18 February <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2026<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"sdm_download_item \"><div class=\"sdm_download_item_top\"><div class=\"sdm_download_thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sdm_download_thumbnail_image\" src=\"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/pdf.jpg\" alt = \"posnova.pdf\" \/><\/div><div class=\"sdm_download_title\">posnova.pdf<\/div><\/div><div style=\"clear:both;\"><\/div><div class=\"sdm_download_description\"><\/div><div class=\"sdm_download_size\"><span class=\"sdm_download_size_label\">Size: <\/span><span class=\"sdm_download_size_value\">1,35<\/span><\/div><div class=\"sdm_download_link\"><span class=\"sdm_download_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/?sdm_process_download=1&download_id=21480\" class=\"sdm_download blue\" title=\"posnova.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Download Now!<\/a><\/span><span class=\"sdm_download_item_count\"><span class=\"sdm_item_count_number\">168<\/span><span class=\"sdm_item_count_string\"> Downloads<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sdm_clear_float\"><\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: auto;\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #1abc9c; text-transform: uppercase;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 900; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 0; padding: 13.5px;\">How to quote this article?<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Posnova T., Shcherbatykh D., Remyha Yu. (2026). Macroeconomic Determinants of the Formation and Recovery of Human Capital. Modern Economics, 55(2026), 222-228. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V55(2026)-31.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1657628632157{margin-top: 10px !important;}&#8221;]<a href=\"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/issue-55-2026\/\">&lt;&lt; \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0437\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0443<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] JEL Classification: E24; J11; J24. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31521\/modecon.V55(2026)-31 [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Posnova Tetiana, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Private Higher Educational Institution \u201cEuropean University\u201d ORCID: 0000-0003-2038-7743 e-mail: tatosnova@gmail.com Shcherbatykh Denys, Ph.D. in Economics, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Economics, Finance and Accounting, Private Higher Education Establishment \u201cEuropean University\u201d ORCID: 0000-0003-0990-8376 e-mail: denys.shcherbatykh@e-u.edu.ua Remyha Yuliia, Candidate in<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/macroeconomic-determinants-of-the-formation\/\" class=\"more\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":13475,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250,67],"tags":[249],"class_list":["post-21587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-55-2026","category-articles","tag-55-2026"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21587","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21587"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21587\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21589,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21587\/revisions\/21589"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21587"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modecon.mnau.edu.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}