Tsalan Myroslava, PhD (Economics), Associate Professor of the Department of International Economic Relations, State Higher Educational Institution “Uzhhorod National University”, Uzhhorod, Ukraine

ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1878-1346
e-mail: myroslava.tsalan@uzhnu.edu.ua

Clustering Processes in European Countries

Abstract. Introduction. The main aspects of clustering policy in Europe have been analyzed in the article. Cluster initiatives that activate clustering processes in European countries have been analyzed.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to consider individual clustering processes in European countries, the achievement of which involves defining their features.

Results. The process of cluster internationalization, which aims to deepen the international cooperation of cluster structures, has been emphasized in the article. Among the clustering initiatives, the most effective are the European Cluster Collaboration Platform and the European Strategic Cluster Partnerships. Particular attention has been paid to the launch of the European Cluster Excellence Initiative. The author emphasizes that in the European Union considerable attention is paid to analyzing the cluster activities and informing the public about their results. Some aspects of the cluster participants’ survey conducted in 2018 on the goals and areas of their activity have been analyzed. Such polls show differentiated approaches to clustering in Europe. The sources of financing of cluster development have been considered in the article. Today, clusters have become an integral part of EU economic policy. In general the cluster policy of European countries doesn’t go beyond the general economic and budgetary policy of the EU.

Conclusions. In the European Union, the development of clusters and cluster policy are considered to be the basis for innovative development and for ensuring the competitiveness of the economy. Clusters promote investment inflow, intensify research, promote technology transfer, and increase the technology level of their participants. European cluster processes are multidimensional and differentiated. Clustering is preferred in emerging industries, while the same processes take place in more “traditional” areas. Often, clusters pursue social goals alongside economic and political ones. Clusters in Europe today show the interaction of business, science, national or regional government and the local community.

Keywords: clustering processes; cluster observatory; European cluster cooperation platform; cluster development strategy; cluster partnerships.

References:

1. Prymostka, O. O. (2016). Methodological approaches to building a cluster model in EU regional policy. Naukovyj visnyk Khersons’koho derzhavnoho universytetu, 18(2), 150-153 [in Ukrainian].
2. Fedotova, Yu. (2014). The role of public authorities in the implementation of clustering processes at the macro and mesoeconomic levels. Komunal’ne hospodarstvo mist. Naukovo-tekhnichnyj zbirnyk, 113, 240-244 [in Ukrainian].
3. Sahirova, A. S. (2017). The cluster model of economy: world experience and prospects of Ukraine. Visnyk Pryazovs’koho derzhavnoho tekhnichnoho universytetu, Ekonomichni nauky, 34, 97-102.
4. European Commission (2018). Cluster internationalization. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/policy/ cluster/internationalisation_en.
5. European Cluster Collaboration platform (2019). EU Cluster Partnerships. Retrieved from: https://www.clustercollaboration.eu/eu-cluster-partnerships.
6. Clusterportal Baden-Württemberg (2018). Cluster programs in Europe: improving competitiveness and innovative capacities of regions. Retrieved from: https://www.clusterportal-bw.de/en/cluster-policy/cluster-policy-in-europe/.
7. European Observatory for clusters and industrial change (2019). Cluster programmes in Europe and beyond. May, 164.
8. We are Kherson. Business Association (2019). About clusters in Ukraine and the world Retrieved from: http://business100.ks.ua/pro-klasteri-v-ukrayini-ta-sviti/ [in Ukrainian].
9. Samijlenko, H. (2019). Cluster structures of Ukrainian regions: theoretical aspects, problems and prospects of practical implementation. Problemy i perspektyvy ekonomiky ta upravlinnia, 1, 155-165 [in Ukrainian].