«Modern Economics» electronic academic journal adheres to COPE principles and takes measures to ensure academic integrity, avoiding instances of plagiarism, duplication, data fabrication or other forms of academic misconduct.

Ethical violations

The editorial board does not accept:

• resubmission of material that has already been published or is simultaneously submitted to other publications;
• manipulation of citations aimed at artificially inflating the citation index;
• falsification or fabrication of data, including manipulation of images;
• the secret use of AI, falsification of authorship or the use of other people’s personal data;
• involvement in activities related to ‘paper mills’.

All such cases are considered in accordance with COPE guidelines, with the possible application of sanctions, refusal to publish or retraction of the article .

Corrections, erratums and corrigenda

If an inaccuracy or technical error is found in a published article, the editorial board may publish:

• Correction– in the case of a significant error that does not affect the validity of the results;
• Erratum–  if the error was made by the editorial board during the preparation of the material;
• Corrigendum–  if the error was made by the author.

Corrections may be initiated by authors, readers or the editorial board. Following verification and approval, a separate document marked “Correction” is published, linked to the original article.

Retraction (Withdrawal of an article)

Retraction is applied if:

• the results are found to be unreliable or falsified;
• the article constitutes plagiarism or duplicates previously published work;
• unethical research or breaches of the peer-review process are confirmed;
• fraudulent or coerced authorship is identified.

Following the editorial decision to retract:

• the PDF file is marked “Retracted”;
• the article remains openly accessible with clear labelling.

Complete removal is possible only in exceptional cases –  for example, in the event of a breach of legislation, copyright or security issues.

Expression of Concern

If there are concerns regarding the accuracy of the data but insufficient evidence for retraction, the editorial board may publish an “Expression of Concern” with its own DOI. It remains available until the investigation is concluded.

Review procedure

• An investigation is initiated by the editorial board or following a request from the author or a third party.
• Authors are notified and given the right to provide an explanation.
• The final decision is made by the Editor-in-Chief or their assistant.
• All decisions (regarding corrections, retractions or expressions of concern) are made as quickly as possible to preserve scientific integrity.

Voluntary withdrawal of a manuscript

Authors may withdraw a manuscript prior to publication by submitting a formal letter explaining the reasons, signed by all co-authors. In such cases, the work will be removed from the journal’s databases, but copyright remains with the authors.