Fartushniak Olha, PhD in Economics, Assistant Professor of the Department of accounting and business consulting, Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Kharkiv, Ukraine

ORCID: 0000-0002-6305-5901
e-mail: fartova09@gmail.com

Methodological Approaches to Accounting for Carbon Taxation and Cbam-Related Transactions

Abstract. Introduction. The intensification of environmental regulations in the European Union, coupled with the introduction of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), presents new challenges for Ukrainian exporters. These changes require the adaptation of accounting systems to align with carbon regulation instruments. Under these conditions, enterprises must recognize and account for new accounting objects, such as carbon liabilities, environmental expenditures, and CBAM certificates. However, the existing accounting framework in Ukraine lacks specialized methodological approaches for recognizing and accounting for CBAM-related transactions.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop methodological approaches to the accounting treatment of carbon taxation and CBAM-related operations, as well as to substantiate approaches to the recognition, valuation, and accounting reflection of carbon liabilities and CBAM certificates within the accounting system.

Results. This article analyzes the regulatory framework that governs CBAM operations and identifies key methodological issues related to the accounting and tax aspects of these operations. Particular attention is given to determining the recognition date of CBAM liabilities, measuring carbon obligations, and classifying CBAM certificates as accounting objects. The study proposes a step-by-step procedure for CBAM operations, including identification of accounting objects, recognition of liabilities, acquisition of CBAM certificates, and settlement of obligations. The study substantiates the expediency of recognizing CBAM liabilities on the date of the obligating event. The accounting treatment of CBAM transactions is improved by using separate analytical accounts for CBAM liabilities and certificates. Additionally, the paper substantiates alternative approaches to accounting for CBAM certificates as either current assets or environmental intangible assets, in accordance with IAS 38 and IFRIC 3.

Conclusions. The proposed methodological approaches allow for the systematization of the accounting treatment of CBAM-related transactions and enhance accounting support for carbon regulation within the context of European integration. Implementing these approaches will contribute to harmonizing Ukrainian accounting practices with international financial reporting standards and European environmental regulations.

Keywords: carbon taxation; CBAM, accounting; carbon liabilities; CBAM certificates; environmental regulation.

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